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Citation Generator: APA, MLA, Harvard, AMA and Vancouver

Cite 14 types of source: journal articles, books, book chapters, web pages, reports, theses, conference papers, newspaper and magazine articles, videos, podcasts, software and apps, datasets, legislation and court cases, and interviews. Search by title, DOI or ISBN, confirm the details in a guided form, and build a bibliography you can switch between APA 7, MLA 9, Harvard, AMA 11 and Vancouver in one click.

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Citation style

1. Find your source

Your bibliography 0

Completed citations appear here, formatted in the style you choose. They are saved in this browser only.

Check capitalisation: APA, AMA and Vancouver use sentence case for article titles, and MLA uses title case. Crossref records keep the capitalisation the publisher supplied. For AMA and Vancouver, use the journal abbreviation from the NLM Catalog.

What do these fields mean?
DOI
A Digital Object Identifier: a permanent link for an article, book or chapter, starting with 10. (for example 10.1136/bmj.n71).
Editor
The person who compiled a book of chapters by different authors. When you cite one chapter, list the chapter's authors as authors and the book's editors as editors.
Organisation
Use when a group, agency or company is responsible for the work and no individual is named, such as a government department.
Suffix
A part of a name that follows the surname, such as Jr or III.
Journal abbreviation
The shortened journal title used in AMA and Vancouver references, as listed in the NLM Catalog (for example N Engl J Med).
Edition
Give the edition number only when it is not the first edition.
Place of publication
The city of the publisher. Only Vancouver still asks for it; APA 7, MLA 9, AMA 11 and current Harvard leave it out.
Date accessed
The day you viewed an online source. MLA, Harvard, AMA and Vancouver use it for web pages and for online sources without a DOI; APA uses it only for pages designed to change.
Report number
The identifier printed on a report, such as "NIH Publication No. 18-2059". Enter it as shown; if it is only a number, the tool adds "Report No." where the style needs it.
Database or archive (theses)
Where a thesis is published, such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global or a university repository. Tick Unpublished if you consulted a copy that is not in a database or repository.
Conference proceedings
A published collection of the papers given at a conference. If your paper appears in one, tick Published in conference proceedings; otherwise cite the presentation itself with the conference name, dates and location.
Section (newspapers)
The lettered part of a printed newspaper (for example A). Vancouver gives it with the page, as in Sect. A:2.
Official legal citation
The standard reference to a law or judgment, such as 347 U.S. 483 (a US Supreme Court case) or c. 12 (the chapter number of a UK Act). Copy it from the official source; APA, AMA and Vancouver follow US legal citation (the Bluebook), and Harvard follows the UK form.
Uploaded by
The account that posted a video. APA and Harvard use it as the author when no creator is named; MLA lists it after the platform; AMA leaves it out.
Personal interview
An interview you carried out yourself. APA, AMA and Vancouver cite these in the text only, not in the reference list; MLA and Harvard include them.
Annotation
A short summary or evaluation of a source, used in annotated bibliographies. It appears under the reference.
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How to Use the Citation Generator

  1. 1

    Find your source

    Search by title, DOI or ISBN, paste a web address, or enter the details yourself.

  2. 2

    Confirm the details

    Check the fields filled in from Crossref; fields your style needs are highlighted.

  3. 3

    Complete the citation

    It joins your bibliography, which you can edit, re-style, copy or download for Word.

How the references are formatted

Each style follows the published examples in its guide: how many authors to list (APA up to 20; AMA up to 6, otherwise the first 3 and et al; Vancouver the first 6 and et al), how editors, organisations and missing authors are handled, and punctuation, italics, page ranges, dates and DOI format for each source type.

Details from Crossref come from publishers and may need correcting, especially the capitalisation of titles and journal abbreviations. Web pages cannot be looked up automatically, so add the author, date and site name shown on the page. Always check references against the version of the style your journal or institution requires.

How it is calculated

Sources

Citation Generator: FAQ

Which source types can I cite?

Journal articles, books (including edited books), chapters in edited books, web pages, reports, theses and dissertations, conference papers and posters, newspaper and magazine articles, videos (such as YouTube), podcast episodes, software and mobile apps, datasets, legislation and court cases, and interviews.

Why isn't my interview in the reference list?

APA, AMA and Vancouver treat an interview you conducted yourself as a personal communication: it is cited in the text only, and the tool shows you the in-text form. MLA and Harvard list personal interviews in the reference list.

How are legal sources cited?

APA, AMA and Vancouver use US legal citation (the Bluebook), so enter the official citation, such as 347 U.S. 483. Harvard follows UK practice, such as Data Protection Act 2018, c. 12. MLA follows its own template, naming the government body as author and where you read the law or judgment.

How do I cite a conference paper that was published?

Tick Published in conference proceedings and add the proceedings title, editors, publisher and pages. APA, MLA and AMA then treat it like a chapter in an edited book, as their guides advise.

Why are there different versions of Harvard?

Harvard is a family of author-date styles, and institutions differ. This tool follows Cite Them Right, as set out in the Open University's guide; check which version your institution or journal expects.

How do I cite a source with no author?

Leave the contributors empty. The title then moves to the start of the reference, as each style requires.

Can I make an annotated bibliography?

Yes. Add an annotation under More options and it appears below the reference in your bibliography and in the Word download.

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