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Reference Checker: Verify DOIs and Find Retractions

Paste your reference list to check each reference against Crossref: confirm DOIs point to the right article, flag mismatched authors, titles and years, suggest missing DOIs and find retractions and corrections.

FreeNo account neededReferences are checked against Crossref

    References are sent to the Crossref public API to look them up; nothing else is stored. Retractions, corrections and expressions of concern are found through Crossref update notices, which include Retraction Watch data. A clean result does not prove a reference is correct: check formatting against your style guide.

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    How to Use the Reference Checker

    1. 1

      Paste your references

      One per line or separated by blank lines, up to 50 at a time.

    2. 2

      Run the check

      Each reference is looked up in Crossref in turn.

    3. 3

      Review the flags

      Red for retractions and update notices, amber for details to check.

    Why check references

    Errors in references, such as a wrong DOI, year or author, make sources hard to find and can undermine a manuscript during peer review. Citing a retracted article without acknowledging the retraction is a more serious problem.

    Crossref records DOIs for most journal articles and links retraction notices, corrections and expressions of concern to the original articles, including data from the Retraction Watch database.

    How it is calculated

    Sources

    Reference Checker: FAQ

    Does a green result mean the reference is correctly formatted?

    No. The checker verifies the details against Crossref; it does not check the style. Use the citation generator for formatting.

    Why might a correct DOI not be found?

    Some DOIs are registered with other agencies, such as DataCite for datasets, and are not in Crossref.

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