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DNA to Protein Translation in All Six Reading Frames

Translate a DNA or RNA sequence into protein in all six reading frames using the NCBI genetic codes, with stop codons and the longest open reading frame highlighted.

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DNA or RNA sequence (plain or FASTA)
Frames
ORF start codons

5'→3' frame 1 longest ORF 59 aa (codons 16–75)

VSFSGAYELSSSNTEMENQPLSHTCLGLPTGAWRVPRNTLRSAPFSEEHVVLCCSNTDMNERTVGRECNLAQRS*GSLWS*G

5'→3' frame 2 longest ORF 10 aa (codons 49–59)

SHFQARTSCPALTRKWKINPCHIHVWVFRQVLGEFRETL*GQRHSAKSMLYCVVQTPI*TKEPLVENAILLNDPKVHSGAK

5'→3' frame 3 longest ORF 58 aa (codons 24–82)

LIFRRVRVVQL*HGNGKSTLVTYMFGSSDRCLASSAKHFEVSAIQRRACCIVLFKHRYERKNRWSRMQSCSTILRFTLELR

3'→5' frame 1 longest ORF 7 aa (codons 34–41)

TLAPE*TLGSLSKIAFSTNGSFVHIGV*TTQYNMLFAEWR*PQSVSRNSPSTCRKTQTCM*QGLIFHFRVRAGQLVRA*K*D

3'→5' frame 2 no ORF

P*LQSEP*DR*ARLHSRPTVLSFISVFEQHNTTCSSLNGADLKVFRGTRQAPVGRPKHVCDKG*FSISVLELDNSYAPENE

3'→5' frame 3 longest ORF 32 aa (codons 38–70)

LSSRVNLRIVEQDCILDQRFFRSYRCLNNTIQHALR*MALTSKCFAELAKHLSEDPNMYVTRVDFPFPC*SWTTRTRLKMR

Stops are shown as * (in red); the longest open reading frame (from a start codon to the next stop) in each frame is highlighted. Alternative start codons follow the chosen NCBI table. Codons with ambiguous bases translate as X.

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How to Use the DNA to Protein Translation Tool

  1. 1

    Paste your sequence

    DNA or RNA, plain or FASTA.

  2. 2

    Choose the genetic code

    Standard, mitochondrial, bacterial and more.

  3. 3

    Find the ORF

    Copy any frame or the longest ORF as FASTA.

Reading frames and genetic codes

A DNA sequence can be read in three frames on each strand, giving six possible protein translations. The protein-coding frame usually contains a long open reading frame: a start codon followed by many codons before a stop codon.

Most organisms use the standard genetic code, but mitochondria and some organisms use variants. The translation tables here follow NCBI's genetic codes.

How it is calculated

Sources

DNA to Protein Translation Tool: FAQ

Why do I see X in the protein?

X means a codon contains an ambiguous base (such as N) or is incomplete, so the amino acid cannot be determined.

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